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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">ava基础知识回顾之一 ----- 基本数据类型</h1>
        

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        <script src="\assets\js\APlayer.min.js"> </script><h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>在开始工作至今，学习各种各样的技术之中发现自己的很多Java的基础知识都忘了⊙﹏⊙b汗。。。 而且越是学习越是发现Java基础的重要性，所以准备单独抽一下时间进行Java基础的重新学习。在重新学习的时候，对这些又有了不同的感悟，于是准备将这些都记载下来，并整理成博客，希望能够帮助那些需要的人。</p>
<h2 id="基本数据类型介绍"><a href="#基本数据类型介绍" class="headerlink" title="基本数据类型介绍"></a>基本数据类型介绍</h2><p>基本数据类型主要有这几个:<br><strong>byte、short、int、long、float、double、char、boolean</strong><br>可以分为三类:</p>
<ol>
<li>数值类型:<strong>byte、short、int、long、float、double</strong></li>
<li>字符类型:<strong>char</strong></li>
<li>布尔型:<strong>boolean</strong></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="byte"><a href="#byte" class="headerlink" title="byte"></a>byte</h3><ol>
<li>byte是8位的数据类型，占用1个字节(8bit)，默认值是0，它的取值范围是<strong>(-2^7) ~ (2^7-1)</strong>，也就是  <strong>-128  ~ 127</strong>之间，所以最大存储数据量是255;</li>
<li>byte一般在大型数组中使用，来代替整数，因为byte变量占用的空间只有int的1/4。</li>
<li>byte使用示例: byte a = 10,byte=-10。在使用byte数据类型的时候需要注意取值范围！！！</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="short"><a href="#short" class="headerlink" title="short"></a>short</h3><ol>
<li>short是16位的数据类型，占用2个字节，默认值是0，它的取值范围是<strong>(-2^15) ~(2^15-1)</strong>，也就是  <strong>-32768 ~ 32767</strong>之间，所以最大数据存储量是65536;</li>
<li>short虽然是int型变量所占空间的1/2，但是在实际中却很少用到。在大型数组中也可以节省空间。</li>
<li>short使用示例:short a=100,short b=-200;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="int"><a href="#int" class="headerlink" title="int"></a>int</h3><ol>
<li>int是32位的数据类型，占用4个字节，默认值是0，它的取值范围是<strong>(-2^31) ~(2^31-1)</strong>，也就是  <strong>-2147483648 ~ 2147483647</strong>之间，所以最大数据存储量是<strong>2^32-1</strong>;</li>
<li>int是数据类型是整型，是我们在项目中用到最多的数据类型之一;</li>
<li>int 使用示例:int a=1000,int b=-2000;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="long"><a href="#long" class="headerlink" title="long"></a>long</h3><ol>
<li>long是64位的数据类型，占用8个字节，默认值是0L，它的取值范围是<strong>(-2^63) ~(2^63-1)</strong>，也就是  <strong>-9223372036854775808  ~  9223372036854775808</strong>之间，所以最大数据存储量是<strong>2^64</strong>;</li>
<li>long是数据类型是长整型，是我们在项目中用到最多的数据类型之一。在使用long类型的数据时最好在数值末尾带上大写的L！</li>
<li>long 使用示例:long a=1000L,long b=-2000L;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="float"><a href="#float" class="headerlink" title="float"></a>float</h3><ol>
<li>float是32位的数据类型，占用4个字节，默认值是0，它的取值范围是<strong>3.4e-45 ~   1.4e38</strong> 之间;</li>
<li>float是数据类型是单精度，在直接赋值时必须在数字后加上f或F。</li>
<li>float使用示例:float a=10.25f, float b=-20.35F;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="double"><a href="#double" class="headerlink" title="double"></a>double</h3><ol>
<li>double是64位的数据类型，占用8个字节，默认值是0，它的取值范围是<strong>4.9e-324 ~ 1.8e308</strong> 之间;</li>
<li>double是数据类型是双精度，在直接赋值的时候最好加上D或d。</li>
<li>double使用示例:double  a=10.123d, double  b= -10.25644D;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="boolean"><a href="#boolean" class="headerlink" title="boolean"></a>boolean</h3><ol>
<li>boolean是布尔类型，占用1个字节，只有两个值,false和true，默认值是 false。</li>
<li>boolean只能用一种标志来记录 true或false，一般和 if 结合使用。</li>
<li>boolean使用示例: boolean a=true，boolean b=false;</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="char"><a href="#char" class="headerlink" title="char"></a>char</h3><ol>
<li>char是字符类型，占用2个字节，默认值为空，取值范围 为 <strong>0~65535</strong>，也就是  <strong>\u0000 ~  \uffff</strong>。</li>
<li>char数据类型可以储存任何字符。</li>
<li>char 使用示例: char a=1，char b=’A’;</li>
</ol>
<p>数值类型的级别从低到高分别为：<br><strong>byte,char,short(这三个平级)——&gt;int——&gt;float——&gt;long——&gt;double</strong><br>其中由低级别转到高级别，是属于<strong>自动类型转换</strong>，这点是由系统自动转换的。</p>
<p>例如将int类型的数据转为float类型的数据。<br>示例:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">int i=10;</div><div class="line">float j=i;</div><div class="line">System.out.println(&quot;i:&quot;+i+&quot;,j:&quot;+j);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">i:10,j:10.0</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果由高级别转为低级别，则需要<strong>强制转换</strong>，也就是强制类型转换。<br>例如将int类型的数据转换为byte类型的数据。<br>示例:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">int i=127;</div><div class="line">int j=128;</div><div class="line">byte bye=(byte)i;</div><div class="line">byte bye2=(byte)j;</div><div class="line">System.out.println(&quot;i:&quot;+i+&quot;,bye:&quot;+bye);</div><div class="line">System.out.println(&quot;j:&quot;+j+&quot;,bye2:&quot;+bye2);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">i:127,bye:127</div><div class="line">j:128,bye2:-128</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>说明:因为 byte 类型是 8 位，最大值为127，所以当 int 强制转换为 byte 类型时，值 128 时候就会导致溢出。所以在进行强制类型转换的时候，要注意取值范围！</strong></p>
<p>在<strong>强制转换</strong>的时候需要注意数据的精确度，否则可能会出现数据精确丢失。<br>例如 double类型的数据转换为float类型数据。<br>示例:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">double d=10.1111115;</div><div class="line">float f=(float) d;</div><div class="line">System.out.println(&quot;f:&quot;+f+&quot;,d:&quot;+d);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">f:10.111112,d:10.1111115</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>了解了数据类型的级别之后，如果用不同的数据类型进行计算，那么最终的数据类型又是哪一种呢?<br>这里我们用这几种来测试:<br>1.byte 类型的数据 加 short 类型的数据;<br>2.short 类型的数据 加 int 类型的数据;<br>3.int 类型的数据 加 long 类型的数据;</p>
<p>这里我们使用这个方法来获取最终的数据类型<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">public static String getType(Object o)&#123; </div><div class="line">		return o.getClass().toString(); </div><div class="line">	&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>代码:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">short a=1;</div><div class="line">byte b=2;</div><div class="line">int c = 3;</div><div class="line">long d = 4;</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(a));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(b));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(c));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(d));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(a+b));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(a+c));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(c+d));</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">class java.lang.Short</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Byte</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Integer</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Long</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Integer</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Integer</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Long</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>看到结果是不是有点吃惊呢？那么是为什么呢?<br>这里的不同的数值类型数据进行相加的时候，会自动转换为级别最高的那一个。<br>那么short 类型的数据加 byte 类型的数据为什么是int类型呢？<br>因为在java的世界里，如果比int类型小的类型做运算，java在编译的时候就会将它们统一强转成int类型。<br>如果上述不好理解的，那么这里我们来做个实验测试下，通过结果来进行验证。<br>示例:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">short a=1,b=2;</div><div class="line">byte c=3,d=4;</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(a+b));</div><div class="line">System.out.println(getType(c+d));</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>结果:</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">class java.lang.Integer</div><div class="line">class java.lang.Integer</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>那么这里可以得出结论，在数值类型中，若级别小于int，进行计算的时候，最终的数据类型会自动转换为int，如果高于int，最终数据结果会取其中最高的一个！</p>

      
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由<a href="http://www.panchengming.com/" style="color:#258FC6">虚无境</a>创作并维护的<a href="http://www.panchengming.com/" style="color:#258FC6">xuwujing's Notes</a>博客采用<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" style="color:#258FC6">创作共用保留署名-非商业-禁止演绎4.0国际许可证</a>。<br/>
本文首发于<a href="http://www.panchengming.com/" style="color:#258FC6">xuwujing's Notes</a> 博客（ <a href="http://www.panchengming.com/" style="color:#258FC6">http://www.panchengming.com/</a> ），版权所有，侵权必究。</p>
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